This book is proposed to be a collection of excellently peer-reviewed research from the 2023 14th International Conference on Environmental Science and Development (ICESD 2023), which will be held during May 25-27, 2023, in Xiamen, China. ICESD 2023 will gather innovative academics and industrial experts to a common forum to facilitate the exchange of scientific information and its application in the field of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development. Particularly, a large amount of the research is related to the Water Governance Programme which is an initiative as developed by the China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges, United Nations Development Programme, and Coca-Cola China.  Recently, effects of energy crisis, water scarcity, environmental pollution, climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, and their interactions on eco-environment and health have caused extraordinary risks in socio-economic and environmental systems (SEE). Such risks feature dynamic, uncertain, and interactive characteristics. In order to tackle these risks, cutting-edge technologies, including both experimental approaches and modeling ones, are desired urgently. Particularly, nature-based solutions will be developed to help achieve net-zero emission and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, data-driven and AI-based methodologies will be developed to facilitate policy analysis of SEE under New Normal scenarios. Furthermore, the combinations of multiple approaches are expected to support the enhancement of SEE resilience in a post-pandemic future. Consequently, ICESD 2023 will include presentations in the field of Water Resources Management, Wastewater Treatment, Drinking Water Safety, Energy and Environmental Systems Analysis, Air Pollution Control, Solid Waste Management, Sustainable Development, Ecosystem Restoration, Climate Change Adaptation, and Socio-economic and Environmental Management. Excellent papers related to these topics would be enclosed in this proposed book.