There has been an exponential increase in the volume and quality of published research relating to breast disease over the past decades. This book identifies the 50 key scientific articles in the field of breast disease and breast surgery and examines their importance and impact on current clinical care. Among thousands of articles, a small fraction are truly 'game changing'. Such studies form the foundations of breast surgery today, and the selection of papers within this book provide the 50 landmark papers every 21st-century breast surgeon needs to know. A commentary to each carefully selected paper explains why these papers are so important, thus providing every surgeon with the foundation stones of knowledge in this fast-moving area. A valuable reference not only to the established surgeon, but also to breast surgery residents and trainees, as well as to more experienced surgeons as they continue to learn new techniques and approaches and to improve their knowledge of breast disease and treatments. The papers provide an evidence-based resource for those surgeons preparing for professional exams and may inspire clinicians to produce new research.