Anesthesiology refers to a type of medical specialty that focuses on the complete perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It is an integral part of critical emergency medicine, anesthesia, pain medicine and intensive care medicine. Regional anesthesia, local anesthesia, general anesthesia and sedation are the four primary types of anesthesia used during surgical procedures. Regional anesthesia is a type of pain management used during surgery that numbs a significant portion of the body typically from the waist down. The drug is administered by a tiny tube or injection known as a catheter and is used when a simple injection of local anesthetic is insufficient and it is preferable for the patient to be awake. Regional anesthesia aids in the management of postoperative pain and can help patients recover quickly and safely with fewer side effects than general anesthesia. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments in research with respect to regional anesthesiology. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this branch of medicine. Different approaches, evaluations, and advanced studies on this topic have been included in this book.