Excerpt from A Handbook of European History From the Fall of Rome to the Close, of the Nineteenth Century This Handbook has been prepared neither as a text - book, nor as a note - book, but as a necessary outline of the work covered in the Freshman year in European History. Each section represents a lecture unless marked as a recitation. A part of the time of any lecture may be given to a quiz on required work or on a previous lecture. The references for Optional readings are to books easily found in any ordinary library. The following abbreviations are used for the required books, of which each member of the class is expected to have his own Copy except A, which may be owned by three or four students in common. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.