Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become one of the most serious environmental and public health issues confronting cities in developing countries. Rapid urbanization, economic growth and changes in lifestyles and consumption patterns have resulted in a remarkable increase in waste volume and diversity during the past few decades. In Tanzania, the annual waste generation is about 7 million tons per year. However, the waste collection rate has remained below 35%. Lack of waste management plans, poor waste management governance; inadequate Refuse Collection Charges (RCCs) management, inadequate enforcement, and unpredictable policies are among the waste management bottlenecks discussed in this book. Further, the book explores the strategies necessary for the improvement of waste management practices in Tanzania including waste minimization through the Reduce, Reuse and Recycling (3Rs) concept; effective recycling for both market and non-marketable waste; Stakeholders Engagement, the least cost disposal option; and effective waste management financing.