A rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the latest knowledge in neuroscience, biotechnology, and personalized medicine applicable to acute brain injuries. Development of neuroprotective drugs is treated in detail. Chemical biomarkers for detection, imaging and preventative strategies are covered to provide medicinal chemists with a broad view of translational aspects of the field. This book will be useful to postgraduate students and researchers in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology as well as specialists in the acute brain injury field.