Kidney injury can significantly disrupt the immune system, leading to immune dysfunction. When kidneys are damaged, they lose their ability to effectively filter blood and remove waste, resulting in the accumulation of toxins that can impair immune responses. Acute kidney injury (AKI) triggers an inflammatory response, releasing cytokines and other immune mediators that can lead to systemic inflammation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) further exacerbates immune dysfunction by causing immune cell depletion and dysfunction, increasing susceptibility to infections and reducing vaccine efficacy. The uremic environment in CKD patients contributes to immune cell exhaustion and impaired antigen presentation. Additionally, dialysis, a common treatment for advanced kidney disease, can also impact immune function by causing repeated exposure to potential pathogens and altering immune cell dynamics. Understanding the interplay between kidney injury and immune dysfunction is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate these effects and improve patient outcomes. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of acute kidney injury and immune dysfunction. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of kidney injury and the recent researches in this field. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.