This reprint aims to immerse the reader in the latest research and applications of deep learning and neural networks in image recognition. Deep learning algorithms are the major driving force behind recent advances in image classification. The success of deep learning is powered by two crucial issues: large-scale training datasets and powerful computational platforms. In most cases, the performances obtained by deep neural networks are much better than those of hand-crafted delicate image features. Yet, despite the great success of deep learning in image recognition, numerous challenges remain. This Special Issue aims to present new solutions to these challenging problems.