Advancements in Optical Methods, Digital Image Correlation and the Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2024 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of three from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: DIC Methods & Its Applications Photoelasticity and Interferometry Applications Micro-Optics and Microscopic Systems Multiscale and New Developments in Optical Methods Structure, Function and Performance Research in Progress Cellular Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Experimental Techniques in Biological and Biomimetic Systems