Biomedical science is the set of applied sciences that has applications in developing technology that can be of use in public health or healthcare. These applied sciences include clinical virology, medical microbiology, clinical epidemiology, biomedical engineering and genetic epidemiology, among others. An important branch of biomedical science is biomedical engineering, in which the concepts of engineering design and engineering principles are used to advance healthcare diagnosis, monitoring and therapy. Mathematical and theoretical biology applies mathematical models, theoretical analysis and abstractions to develop an insight into the structure, behavior and development of living systems. Mathematics is increasingly being applied to develop solutions to biomedical problems, particularly in toxicology, neurobiology and infectious diseases. The ever growing need of advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in the field of biomedical science in recent times. This book attempts to understand the use of mathematics in biomedical science and how such an integration has advanced the frontiers of medical science. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.