Neurological diseases are disorders of the nervous system that affect the functioning of the brain and the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. The most common neurological disorders are epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy. The term biomarker or biological marker refers to a biological molecule found in blood, tissues or other body fluids, which indicates a normal or abnormal process, a condition, or a disease. Biomarkers help to diagnose a disease or condition, or to detect the disease progression, and record the effect of new drugs and therapeutic strategies as they are generated. Neurological biomarkers are used to diagnose a variety of neurological disorders and to monitor the advancement of these diseases or effect of the treatment. This process aids in predicting outcomes, determining interventions, and evaluating the therapeutic responses. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide an in-depth knowledge about neurological biomarkers. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying the biomarkers of neurological diseases.