Canada’s Anti–Human Trafficking Measures critically assesses the scope and impact of federal and provincial anti–human trafficking measures over the past twenty years. In 2000, the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons established an international framework for anti–human trafficking action. As a party to the protocol, Canada implemented an array of legislative and policy measures, including action plans, awareness campaigns, personnel training, and other anti–human trafficking initiatives. A diverse group of contributors collaborates to critically examine these measures from multidisciplinary perspectives. They consistently demonstrate that a focus on criminalization overshadows the structural drivers of exploitation, including colonialism and discriminatory immigration policies. Prevailing implementation methods often leave survivors in precarious situations. Canada’s Anti–Human Trafficking Measures advances a transformative approach grounded in human rights and survivor empowerment. It calls for greater transparency, community-led initiatives, and comprehensive models to address the complexities of human trafficking.