An echocardiogram or a cardiovascular ultrasound is a sonogram of the heart that is developed using 2D, 3D and Doppler ultrasound. Echocardiography is one of the most popular diagnostic tests used in cardiology for the management, diagnosis and follow-up care of patients ailing from any known or suspected heart condition. It provides useful information pertaining to the shape and size of the heart, its pumping capacity, and the positioning and extent of tissue damage, if any. An echocardiogram also offers estimates of the cardiac output, diastolic function and ejection fraction. The most significant advantage of echocardiography is its non-invasiveness and lack of side effects. Some of the common types of echocardiogram are transthoracic echocardiogram, stress echocardiogram and transesophageal echocardiogram, besides others. 3D echocardiography is also possible by using a matrix array of ultrasound probes and processing system. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in cardiovascular ultrasonography. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance in this field have been included herein. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers working in this field.