This is the first-of-its-kind analysis, in any language, of the trilateral relationship between Israel, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of China. It is also the first comprehensive analysis of the relations between the founders and early statesmen of the ROC and the founders of modern Israel before the proclamation of the Jewish state in 1948. It includes eyewitness testimony from five of the key players involved in the trilateral relationship; historical analysis from Chinese, Israeli, Arab, and East Indian perspectives; and a multilingual bibliography. The collection describes Israeli-ROC and Israeli-PRC relations that vacillated over the decades. By 1998, they stabilized into full diplomatic relations between Israel and the PRC and officially unofficial trade and cultural ties between Israel and the ROC-an accommodation that has also been adopted in Sino-American relations.