This translated volume is based on the publication Green Book of Population and Labor (No. 20), originally published in Chinese by the Social Science Academic Press (SASS). The focus of this volume is high-quality employment in China. The topics covered include China’s labor market during the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan; labor supply and demand; the economic impact of consumption among migrant workers; labor supply elasticity and productivity; geographical and structural shifts in job opportunities; and the educational profiles and income distribution among migrants. The final chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with the rapid development of AI and robotics.