Longstanding debates about neoliberalism in the United States center around whether it has created a culture of entrepreneurial selfhood or a carceral state.Credit, Cops, and Cagespresents a novel theory and relevant empirical evidence arguing that capitalist individualism combines both of these tendencies.The book's interdisciplinary authors first derive a critical framework and set of social-psychological hypotheses from the long-neglected criminological writings of the early Frankfurt School. They then test and explore these hypotheses with new data and analyses in a series of chapters that guide the reader down the ladder of capitalist individualism. In the process, the authors synthesize and critically examine scholarship of Constitutional law; big data on indebtedness, segregation, and police militarization; psychological surveys capturing and comparing attitudes and emotions around debt and policing; and the intimate testimony of those who are deeply in debt or are currently incarcerated. Unique in its combination of philosophy and social scientific research, this book restores the relevance of the Frankfurt School's ideas and methods to a comprehensive understanding of contemporary U.S. society.