Since ancient Greece and Rome, mental illness has been recognized in individuals. Hysteria, phobias, and melancholy were among the disturbances that were mentioned. Hippocrates was the first to contemplate the idea that mental illness must be biologically related. Even though serious conditions like schizophrenia were not yet known, there was a belief that these conditions were connected to the brain. As time elapsed, a few mental hypotheses created and, surprisingly, rough medicines were created to treat people. In the Middle East, Islamic medicine developed many of these mental illness treatments and theories. The doctor Razes of the Baghdad Hospital was one of the most well-known doctors of the 8th century, known for his theories and treatments. By 1952, there were only about a dozen officially recognized conditions; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) now lists 374 of these conditions.