This book comprehensively organizes the lineage and developmental evolution of archaeological cultures in China before the late Shang Dynasty, proposing that the early Chinese cultural sphere, or early China in a cultural sense, had already formed around 4000 BCE during the Miaodigou period, covering most of the modern China area. The book shows that early China was a super stable, diverse unity structure with a center and a subject, characterized by agrarian-based, stable introversion, holistic thinking, and ancestor worship. It experienced a continuous development process full of ups and downs, laying the foundation for cultural and political China after the Qin and Han dynasties.