This encyclopedia brings together voluminous knowledge on one of the key characteristic features of the human condition: diversity. The overall goal of this reference work is not only to serve as a repository of knowledge on this particular topic but to provide readers with a conceptual cartography enabling them to navigate between the many complex issues that diversity scholarship is replete with. As interdisciplinary researchers testify, diversity is one of the most pressing issues that contemporary and plural societies face. To this day, it remains the single most important source of ethnocultural and religious conflict, racial discrimination and violence in general. Diversity and its gravitational orbit of concepts remain poorly examined. Nevertheless, it has also been associated with many emancipatory projects and progress in general. Such challenges and success stories are covered in this academic encyclopedia. This reference work appeals to students, researchers and professionals working in the many interdisciplinary fields of diversity scholarship.