Fatty acids are carboxylic acids that are structural components of fats, oils, and all other categories of lipids, except steroids. These acids are the building blocks of fat in human bodies. Fatty acids may be classified as saturated or unsaturated. Some common fatty acids found in natural fats include lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid. Fatty acids play a prominent role in lipid metabolism, human diet, and human physiology. Omega-3 fatty acids, also called Omega-3 oils, ω-3 fatty acids or n-3 fatty acids, play an important role in body as they are the precursor of several metabolites that help in biochemical signaling, and in controlling cardiovascular diseases. The three forms of omega-3 fatty acids which are involved in human physiology include α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe on various topics related to the effects of fatty acids on human health. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of study as well as for experts.