Now in its fourth edition, Foundations of Orientation and Mobility remains the classic reference and textbook for O&M professionals and students alike. A comprehensive work spread across two volumes, Foundations of O&M, 4th ed., contains contributions from over 50 of the leading scholars, teachers, and practitioners in the field addressing topics such as teaching methodologies, sensorimotor functioning, working with both children and adults, and navigating complex intersections. There is also an emphasis on the many new technologies and apps available to children and adults who are blind or low vision to help them better navigate their world. Foundations of Orientation and Mobility: History and Theory, Volume 1, 4th ed. covers essential O&M knowledge, encompassing techniques, perception, orientation, low vision, auditory skills, kinesiology, psychosocial factors, and learning theories. It also includes chapters on technology, guide dogs, orientation aids, and environmental accessibility.