Geriatric medicine is a field of medicine that is concerned with the health care of elderly people. It focuses on maintaining and promoting health by treating diseases and disabilities in older people. There are various subspecialties within geriatric medicine. These include cardiogeriatrics, geriatric dermatology, geriatric neurology, orthogeriatrics, geriatric ophthalmology, geriatric audiology, geriatric pharmacy, etc. Gerontology refers to the study of psychological, cultural and biological aspects of ageing. Gerontological nursing aims to meet the health needs of elderly people. The mental and physical health of an aging population is studied under the domain of geriatric psychology. It focuses on the deteriorating memory, coordination and learning capabilities of individuals in the later stages of life. Such selected concepts that redefine geriatric medicine and gerontology have been presented in this book. The topics covered herein offer the readers new insights in this field. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement.