Retracing the origin, development and survival of individual and collective identities of past human societies, this volume features a global and interdisciplinary range of case studies from Late Antiquity to the early modern period covering regions such as England, Romania, Ireland, Portugal, the Horn of Africa and Australia. The contributors delve into the archaeological record to detect not only biological and cultural affinity, but also evidence of diversity and 'otherness' in past human landscapes. Through the lens of burial customs, dietary habits, life-style changes, paleopathological evidence, everyday use objects and belief systems, this book highlights archaeology's crucial role in unearthing forgotten - and even obliterated - identities, while also unveiling the recurrence of universal human values that transcend time and space. Organised chronologically, this volume draws together perspectives from various disciplines such as archaeology, bioarchaeology, zooarchaeology, forensic anthropology, archaeosciences, anthropology and historical archaeology. As a result, this book elucidates the importance of holistic approaches to the analysis of material culture and skeletal remains, which are often the only indisputable remnants of the existence of minorities and proof of diversity survival.