In spite of intensive investments and investigations carried out in the last decade, many aspects of the stem cell physiology, technology, and regulation remain to be fully defined. After the enthusiasm that characterized the first decade of the discovery that, when given the right cue, stem cells could repair all the different tissues in the body, it is now time to start a serious and coordinated action to define how to govern the stem cell potential and exploit it for clinical applications. This can be achieved only with shared research programs involving investigators from all over the world and making the results available to all. Innovative Strategies in Tissue Engineeringgathers together some of the ideas discussed during the third and fourth Disputationes Workshops held in Florence and Aalborg. The goal of the publication is to preserve those ideas in order to contribute to the general discussion on organ repair and to bolster a fundamental scientific and technological leap toward the treatment of otherwise incurable diseases.