This volume details the most recent advancements in the field of mitochondrial gene expression. Chapters guide readers through methods and protocols on mtDNA replication, transcription, and translation to membrane insertion of the mtDNA-encoded protein products.  Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.  Authoritative and cutting-edge,  Mitochondrial Gene Expression: Methods and Protocols  aims to provide complementary approaches and practical guidelines.  Chapter 7 is available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.