The nervous system is the organ system concerned with the transmission of signals from one cell to the other, or between one body part to another. With the help of neurons and neural networks, the nervous system provides a point-to-point signal transmission and thus offers a high degree of specificity and speed. An incredible aspect of the nervous system is its ability to change with time. The adult brain does not have fixed neuronal circuits. Cortical and subcortical rewiring of these circuits and neurogenesis can persist up to old age. Synapses may weaken or strengthen over time, the proportion of grey matter may change, cortical remapping may also arise as a response to injury, etc. Neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in advancing functional outcomes with respect to post-stroke physical therapy. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of the nervous system and neuroplasticity, and the recent researches in this field. The various advancements in these fields are glanced at and their implications as well as ramifications looked in detail. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in these areas at various levels.