This book presents the management of agriculture and how paddy-cum-fish culture started in the Ziro valley. The brief introduction of geographical and socio-economic profile of Ziro valley is made to see how it has evolved over the years. Analytical study is also made on development of fish farms, area under paddy-cum-fish culture, production of fish and fish nurseries in Ziro valley in particular and Arunachal Pradesh in general. It also highlighted the organic and sustainable management of land, water and forest resources for the livelihood of rural populace since time immemorial. The author identified 14 indigenous strains that are cultivated in the agriculture of Ziro valley with diverse characteristics and varying in yielding rate. Moreover, the cost-benefit analysis of various indigenous economic activities including paddy-cum-fish culture of the farmers are done for ascertaining the economic viability and sustainability of the long practiced paddy-cum-fish cultivation by the Apatanis in Ziro valley.