This book presents the progress in functional peptides in the fields of nano-chemistry and nanotechnology. It covers the synthesis and properties of peptides, functionalization and hybridization of peptides, and applications of peptide-based nanomaterials. The first section provides an overview of the self-assembly of designed peptides to 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures. This is followed by the introduction of the hybridization of peptides with polymers, nanoparticles, carbon materials, and 2D materials through specific binding and biomimetic synthesis to create bioactive nanomaterials. Finally, the book highlights the applications of peptide-based nanomaterials in materials science, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. This book helps readers to understand the chemical, physical, and biological properties of peptides and further inspire the design and synthesis of functional peptide nanomaterials for advanced applications.