This detailed account of trade at the treaty ports provides a valuable window into China's economic relations with the outside world during a period of rapid change and transition. By examining the flow of goods and the patterns of trade, the authors shed light on the complex economic and political forces at work in the region. An essential resource for anyone interested in the history of Chinese trade and global commerce. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.