Stem cell therapy represents the use of stem cells for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The researches in the field of stem cells can aid in an increased understanding of disease mechanisms. It can be used to produce healthy tissues to replace the diseased ones. Stem cell therapy holds immense opportunity for the management of neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. A patient suffering from type 1 diabetes has an impaired function of insulin-producing beta cells that are present in the pancreas. In laboratory experiments, scientists have been able to coax embryonic stem cells into beta cells. The successful transplantation of beta cells can provide a substitute for damaged cells in a diabetic patient. This book explores the potential of stem cell therapy in the treatment of diabetes. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. This book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike.