Changing social and cultural strategies pursued by Protestant and Catholic religious institutions have shaped the social order in Quebec and English Canada. Through a sustained comparison of Protestantism and Catholicism, this volume explores the transition from pre-industrial to industrial society and challenges conventional chronologies of religious change. By examinng education, charity, community discipline, the relationship between clergy and congregations, and working-class religion, the contributors shift the field of religious history into the realm of the socio-cultural. This novel perspective reveals that the Christian churches remained dynamic and popular in English and French Canada, as well as among immigrants, well into the twentieth century. Contributors include Brigitte Caulier (Laval), Nancy Christie (Trent), Kenneth Draper (Alliance University College, Calgary), Jean-Marie Fecteau (Québec à Montréal), Michael Gauvreau (McMaster), Ollivier Hubert (Montréal), Christine Hudon (Sherbrooke), Hannah Lane (New Brunswick), Roberto Perin (York), Gilles Routhier (Laval), and Eric Vaillancourt (Québec à Montréal).