A long and close review of proven basics overlooked in the field of nuclear physics, together with the many confirmed discoveries of the past several decades, has now revealed, 1. how the strong force of attraction profile is developed by the proton and neutron, and cause of its relatively short range, 2. the make-up of the quark and gluon of the proton and neutron, 3. the actual form and operation of the proton and neutron and their necessary interactions, and why they have been so difficult to identify, 4. how the four forces, although all comprised of the same and smallest (Planck's length) force, can be so different in profile, function, magnitude and distance of interaction, 5. the precise interactions of the electron with its proton and neutron, 6. how and why the 2s thru 7s orbitals develop their spherical nodes wherein electrons are virtually absent, 7. why the stronger neutron is dependent on its proton for longevity, and how it is accomplished, 8. where the electron's point of rest for its mass of 9.109 382 93 x 10 -31 kg is, when it has a path of uncertainty throughout its orbital, 9. how the neutron acquires its neutral charge, and 10. how the attributes of matter transform from all the attributes of energy. The ten above listed questions are a few of the main questions of long standing disclosed in this first 2012 publication. Several other topics, such as the variety of orbital constructs, and the interacting force of gravity will publish later this year. We expect, and anxiously look forward to others discovering more than is presented herein.