I believe the material should be utilized as supplemental data for exploring Ch'en Liang's intellectual development. Ch'en's thought evolved through a tao-hsueh phase to the utilitarian positions for which he is famous. This 'radicalization' represented an evolutionary process. To understand this process, the debate with Chu Hsi, and the significance of both in China's political culture, it is first necessary to take notice of the cultural setting-traditional Confucian polarities and their configurations in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. | Utilitarian Confucianism by Hoyt Cleveland Tillman, Hardcover | Indigo Chapters