The area of Virtual Organizations as a main component of the new discipline of Collaborative Networks has been particularly active in Europe where a large number of R&D projects have been funded. Many projects and practical developments of collaborative networks have also been taking place in other regions, namely the USA, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. The fast evolution of the information and communication technologies and in particular the so-called Internet technologies, also represents an important motivator for the emergence of new forms of collaboration. However, the research in many of these cases is highly fragmented, considering that each project is focused on solving specific problems. As such, there is no effective consolidation/harmonization among them in order to have an effective impact and facilitate the interaction among the involved experts. This book represents a contribution to the consolidation of the already vast amount of empirical knowledge and practical experience. As such, a synthesis of results collected from the analysis of a large number of projects and industry case studies is presented, focusing on the following main areas of work on virtual organizations: Principles and models, ICT infrastructures and tools, Implementation issues, and Case studies. Virtual Organizations: Systems and Practices provides valuable elements for the researchers, engineers, managers and industry planners, PhD students, and decision-makers interested in research and innovative development activities in the area of e-business and collaborative networks. | Virtual Organizations by Luis M. Camarinha-Matos, Hardcover | Indigo Chapters