Water pollution is the contamination of water as a result of human activities. It is primarily caused by the discharge of inadequately treated wastewater into natural water streams leading to environmental degradation and impacts on public health. Other effects include eutrophication, acidity, anoxia, etc. Common contaminants contributing to water pollution include chemicals and pathogens. Water pollution can be classified as surface water, groundwater and marine pollution. The measurement of water pollution is done by analyzing water samples with a variety of physical, chemical and biological tests. Prevention of pollution can be achieved by the adoption of appropriate sewage and industrial treatments, control of urban runoff, agricultural wastewater management, erosion and sediment control, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of water pollution. It discusses some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around water pollution, its treatment and mitigation strategies. This book is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field.